About Elderberries
Elderberry The
American elder (canadensis) , also known as Elderberry, is small tree that grows
to 12 feet and is native to North America. The European elder (nigra) grows to
30 feet, is found throughout Europe, Asia, North Africa, and has been
naturalized in the United States. The tree has been called "the medicine chest
of the common people.
The flowers, leaves, berries, bark and roots have all been used in traditional
folk medicine for centuries. The fruits have been used to make elderberry wine,
and when cooked, can be used in pies and jams. The berries contain more vitamin
C than any other herb except rosehips and black currant.
The elder also has a rich background of cultural superstitions. In the Middle
Ages legends held that tree was home to witches and that cutting down one would
bring on the wrath of those residing in the branches.
The Russians and the English believe that elder trees ward off evil spirits and
it was considered good luck to plant a tree near your home. Sicilians think that
sticks of elder wood can kill serpents and drive away thieves.
This herb has a long history dating beyond the stone ages. Egyptians discovered
that applying its flowers improved the complexion and healed burns. Many early
Indian tribes used elderberry, and its variants, in teas and other beverages. In
the 17th century the British often drank home made wine and cordials that was
thought to prolong life and cure the common cold.
The berries from the elder contain a considerable amount of vitamins A, B and C,
as well as flavonoids, sugar, tannins, carotenoids and amino acids. Warm
elderberry wine is a remedy for sore throat, influenza and induces perspiration
to reverse the effects of a chill. The juice from the berries is an old
fashioned cure for colds, and is also said to relieve asthma and bronchitis.
Infusions of the fruit are beneficial for nerve disorders, back pain, and have
been used to reduce inflammation of the urinary tract and bladder. Raw berries
have laxative and diuretic properties, however the seeds are toxic and may
induce vomiting and nausea. Elderberries are edible when cooked.
Elder leaves contain the flavonoids rutin and quercertin, alkaloids, vitamin C
and sambunigrin, a cyanogenic glucoside. Fresh elder leaves also contain
hydrocyanic acid, cane sugar, invertin, betulin, free fatty acids, and a
considerable quantity of potassium nitrate. Elder flowers and elder flower water
have been used in a variety of ways topically and as a tonic mixture.
Elder flowers are a mild astringent and are used in skin washes to refine the
complexion and help relieve eczema, acne and psoriasis. Flower water makes a
soothing gargle and when strained makes an excellent eye wash.
The leaves and flowers are a common ingredient in ointments and poultices for
burns and scalds, swelling, cuts and scrapes. Infusions and preparations with
the blossoms combined with other herbs have also been used to quicken recovery
form the common cold and flu.
Parts Used
Bark, leaves, flowers, berries.
Common Use
Topically for infections, inflammations and swelling. As a wash for
skin healing and complexion purification. As a tea and cordial to sooth sore
throats, speed recovery from cold and flu and relieve respiratory distress.
Cooked and used in jams and conserves.
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